This style is characterized by the trunk which has to be perfectly straight from base to apex (foot) and by its base (from which the superficial roots branch off radially) which has to be quite wide to give

the bonsai firmness. It’s the basic style because it reproduces a simple and natural shape. This style’s different varieties distinguish themselves for the branches dissimilar features and the trunk’s width, but all respect the above rules.

It’s the style used more often in the bonsai creation because the trunk and the branches can have extremely different shapes, easily found in nature.

This style can have the same properties as the ones described in the styles above, but it must be characterized by the trunk’s marked inclination.
The apex bent sideways as regards to the

base conveys a feeling of movement, whereas the thick roots which grow opposite to the inclination makes the bonsai stable.
This shape can be found in nature, for instance in the trees forced to grow this way to catch enough light or those bent by natural events such as landslides, particularly strong winds, etc…

This style’s main feature is the trunk that bends downwards, over the pot’s side.

This shape can be noticed in nature in those trees which, either bent by heavy snowfalls or grown along a slope or a cliff, weren’t able to develop upright.

This style’s most important feature is the arrangement of the main branches that, born more or less at the same height on the trunk’s last fraction, set almost radially, shape an almost round leafage

typical of certain deciduous (for instance, elms, oaks and old beeches).
Because this style usually represents age-old trees, the roots must be arranged in order to convey the feeling of a vast firmness.

This style’s main feature is the essentiality created by both a reduced number of branches and a long thin trunk. This style was shaped by some artists who meant to represent not as much the tree’s natural appearance but its idealization.